It is important to remember there was and is a great deal of suffering on the family farm as well. Indeed, family farms still involve torture-literally.
Finally, the bottom line is that although we will never, as a practical matter, have any animal agriculture that does not involve torture, the moral matter is clear: no exploitation - however “humane” - can be justified. And those who believe that animals are members of the moral community should *never* promote “happy” exploitation as morally acceptable…I think that a review of animal welfare reform would suggest that these reforms do not in any meaningful way reduce suffering and most of them aren’t enforced anyway."
